Cult of Sea

Maritime Knowledge base

  • Home
  • Knowledge base
    • Bridge Equipment
    • Cargo Work
    • Deck
    • General
    • Gmdss
    • Maritime Law
    • Marpol
    • MLC 2006
    • Meteorology
    • Navigation
    • Safety
    • Security
    • Ship Construction
    • Ship Handling
    • Ship Stability
    • Shippie’s Escape
    • Surveys
    • Tankers
  • Colreg’s (ROR)
    • Index (Colreg’s)
    • Part A- General
      • Rule 1 – Application
      • Rule 2 – Responsibility
      • Rule 3 – General Definitions
    • Part B- Steering and Sailing
      • Section 1 (Rule 4 -10)
        • Rule 4 – Application
        • Rule 5 – Lookout
        • Rule 6 – Safe Speed
        • Rule 7 – Risk of collision
        • Rule 8 – Action to avoid collision
        • Rule 9 – Narrow Channels
        • Rule 10 – Traffic separation schemes
      • Section 2 (Rule 11 – 18)
        • Rule 11 – Application
        • Rule 12 – Sailing vessels
        • Rule13 – Overtaking
        • Rule 14 – Head on situation
        • Rule 15 – Crossing situation
        • Rule 16 – Action by give-way vessel
        • Rule 17 – Action by stand-on vessel
        • Rule 18 – Responsibilities between vessels
      • Section 3 (Rule 19)
        • Rule 19 – Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility
    • Part C- Lights and Shapes
      • Rule 20 – Application
      • Rule 21- Definitions
      • Rule 22 – Visibility of lights
      • Rule 23 – Power-driven vessels underway
      • Rule 24 – Towing and pushing
      • Rule 25 – Sailing vessels underway and vessels under oars
      • Rule 26 – Fishing vessels
      • Rule 27 – Vessels N.U.C or R.A.M
      • Rule 28 – Vessels constrained by their draught
      • Rule 29 – Pilot vessels
      • Rule 30 – Anchored vessels and vessels aground
      • Rule 31 – Seaplanes
    • Part D- Sound and Light Signals
      • Rule 32 – Definitions
      • Rule 33 – Equipment for sound signals
      • Rule 34 – Manoeuvring and warning signals
      • Rule 35 – Sound signals in restricted visibility
      • Rule 36 : Signals to attract attention
      • Rule 37 – Distress signals
    • Part E- Exemptions (Rule 38)
      • Rule 38 – Exemptions
    • Part F – Verification of compliance with the provisions of the Convention
      • Rule 39 – Definitions
      • Rule 40 – Application
      • Rule 41 – Verification of compliance
    • Annexes
      • Annex 1 – Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes
      • ANNEX II – Additional Signals for Fishing Vessels Fishing in Close Proximity
      • ANNEX III – Technical Details of Sound Signal Appliances
      • ANNEX IV – Distress Signals
  • Glossary
  • Contact
You are here: Home / Tankers / Molasses – Carriage on Tankers

Molasses – Carriage on Tankers

GENERALmolasses plant

Molasses is the thick dark brown syrupy liquid left after sucrose has been removed from the mother liquid in sugar manufacture. There is two type of molasses – cane molasses and beet molasses. Blackstrap molasses is the syrup from which no more sugar can be obtained economically.

Synonym of molasses  – Treacle.

Main composition of molasses at 75 % Dry Matter

Cane molassesBeet molasses
Sucrose30 – 40 %48 – 52 %
Reducing sugars15 – 20 %0.2 – 1.2 %
Organic non-sugar matter9 – 12 %12 – 17 %
Sulphated ash3 – 11 %3 – 10 %
  • Solubility

The solubility of sucrose is affected by the presence of reducing sugars and inorganic ash. In general, reducing sugars decrease the solubility of sucrose and inorganic ash increases it.

  • Viscosity

The viscosity of both beet and cane molasses is influenced by constituents other than sugar. Beet molassesmolasses is usually of lower viscosity, particularly at ambient temperatures than cane molasses, but in both cases, it is affected by the dry matter content. Molasses exhibits the phenomenon called critical viscosity which means that above a certain dry matter content the viscosity increases at a greater rate than might be expected from the increased dry matter content. The critical viscosity for cane molasses lies between 81 and 85º hydrometer brix. The viscosity of molasses is affected both by dry matter and temperature, for example, a rise in temperature of 10 ºC may reduce the viscosity to half or less and a reduction in the dry matter content will also decrease viscosity.
Molasses may have a viscosity of several hundred centistokes whereas very heavy lubricating oil may be in the region of 100 centistokes.
Molasses is not Newtonian fluid and pump ability does not only depend on viscosity but very much on where it is coming from, storage time, fermentation process, brix value and last but not least, the temperature during the period the fluid are onboard the ship.
The Brix number is a measure of the sugar concentration and equals the percentage by weight of sucrose in solution. Brix number usually in the range of 80 – 90. Coatzacoalcos 86.16, Karachi 84, Red Sea 84, Buenaventura 85. Molasses from Karachi is considered good molasses, however, those with Brix number 87/89 are considered very thick and lousy to discharge.

  • Fermentation of molasses

The visual effect of fermentation in molasses is an increase of volume and the creation of a layer of foam in, and especially on top of the molasses. Besides the development of foam, the temperature sharply increases a couple of ºC per 24 hours, and at all times an alcoholic odour can be observed, sometimes in combination with the odour of acetic acid. Fermentation can be stopped by blowing air into the molasses, the available oxygen will destroy the anaerobe bacteria and the entire fermentation stops.

  • Explosion and Health Hazard data

Molasses is non-flammable and non-toxic substance. Molasses fermentation occurs when molasses is diluted with salt or fresh water and is accelerated by heat. During fermentation CO2 (with possible traces of ethanol and higher alcohol vapour ) is given off, which will produce inhalation hazards in the compartment containing molasses residue. Reacts with concentrated nitric and concentrated sulfuric acid.

Related Article:   Static Electricity / Electrostatic Hazards

PRIOR TO LOADING

  1. A clean dry tank is all that is required.
  2. Zinc coatings have restrictions regarding the pH – check coating guide.
  3. Check heating coils and ensure that steam traps are in perfect condition.
  4. Check cargo pump book for viscosity limits
  5. Purge all Framo cargo pump cofferdams and ensure no leakage in seals. Fill cofferdams with fresh water.

LOADING

Loading to be started carefully via drop line ( avoid free fall loading ).
For Japanese pumps – it is important to maintain the low-pressure air buffer on the cargo pump cofferdam space to avoid molasses entering and crystallising in the pump cofferdam.
Obtain heating instruction and full specification from the shipper, otherwise a letter of protest to be issued.

HEATING DURING THE VOYAGE

Generally during the voyage to be maintained temperature 35 – 38ºC, for discharging 40-41ºC.
At a temperature 40ºC molasses is relatively stable but as the temperature is raised sugar may be lost by thermal decomposition. At temperature over 60ºC, there is always the possibility of thermal decomposition and complete destruction of cargo.
Heating instruction to be strictly followed and heating log completed. It is important to maintain accurate temperature. Note that temperature should be measured at several places and levels within the tank as the different temperature can be experienced. When ballasting if possible keep tanks slack to avoid tank top cooling down too quickly.
It is important to check p/v valves daily for the good operation to avoid tank overpressure.

DISCHARGING

  1. During discharging maintain the highest allowed temperature for the best discharge rate.
  2. Use as big as a discharge hose available, avoid too many pipe bends and pressure losses on the discharge line.
  3. Booster pump to be in use if fitted.
  4. It is better to run the cargo pumps at reduced speed and reduced hydraulic pressure due to foaming and cavitation. Reduce pump further when the tank is about ¾ empty.
  5. Arrange small water flow through cofferdam during discharge. This water flow will wash away any molasses and have a good cooling effect on seal arrangement.
  6. For Japanese pumps – maintain the low-pressure air buffer on the cargo pump cofferdam.
  7. Ensure that coils are turned off in good time to avoid caramelization.
  8. If there is too much foam in the molasses during last part of discharge there are several methods with an agreement with surveyors/receivers:
  • Adding of non-toxic chemicals
  • Recirculation through drop line
  • Injection of live steam
Related Article:   What is VEF (Vessel Experience Factor) ?

TANK CLEANING

If live steaming has been carried out during discharge than a good hot water wash is all that is required.
If caramelization has occurred on the coils then after tank clean and dry crack coils with steam and wipe with rags.
When molasses stowed in zinc tanks check pH and if less than 7, use alkaline safety liquid to neutralise the acid.

Related:

  • Gas Tanker - Types, Tanks, Reliquefaction &…
  • International Institutions and their Association…
  • International Maritime Organization or IMO: what it…
  • BLU Code - Code Of Practice For The Safe Loading And…
  • Inert Gas on board Tankers - All you need to know!
  • UNCLOS - Salient Features, Objectives, Maritime…

By Cult of Sea Filed Under: Tankers Tagged With: discharging, fermentation, harzards, loading, molasses, solubility, sucrose, sugar, tank cleaning, tankers, Treacle, viscosity

Comments

  1. plumbingweb.com says

    February 11, 2017 at 11:22 am

    I genuinely prize your work, Great post.

    Reply
  2. M. Salahuddin Usmani says

    April 11, 2017 at 5:48 pm

    Dear,

    We need vessel to ship 100 thousand tons of Molasses from Karachi to Kuwait. This is first time i am getting involved. I have secured buyer and product is also arranged.

    Please let us know what is required and guide us how it will be done.

    Thank you,

    Muhammad Salahuddin Usmani
    Director DAS
    15 Club Road, Businessman Colony,
    Rahim Yar Khan.
    Land Line: 068-5880800
    Mobile : 0334-4880800

    Reply
    • Naggar says

      March 23, 2018 at 9:45 am

      Please Mr Muhammad Salahuddin Usmani .. if you get the vessel let me know .. becaise i need one for transport 5000 tons to Syria
      thanks
      my mobile is +201006166692 Egypt (whatsapp)

      Reply
  3. sicelo godfrey lubisi says

    March 6, 2018 at 1:42 am

    hi there is a company that is looking for a tanker truck to transport molasses syrup from one plant to the other my question is what type of tank must i get they need 110 ton per day thank you

    Reply
    • cultofsea says

      March 7, 2018 at 6:26 pm

      Hello, molasses is usually carried in container trucks and the container containing a Flexitank. Flexitank is a liquid bulk packaging product, which is compounded of the food-grade PE lining and high-strength, corrosion-resistant,high-temperature-proof PP outerwear.Flexitank can be used to temporarily convert the common 20 feet shipping container to store and transport bulk liquid container. I think max lift in a container will be around 35t. Hope this helps.

      Reply
      • Naggar says

        March 23, 2018 at 9:36 am

        This is not known useful. Because if you own large quantities .. How to transport them through containers …. Must be a ship dedicated to transport molasses

        Reply
        • Simon says

          May 27, 2022 at 10:22 pm

          This is Simon did you get the Molasses vessel
          I am looking for one also

          Reply
        • Mark Mirosevic-Sorgo says

          February 3, 2024 at 9:58 am

          molasses generally carried by sea in specialised tankers in quantities from 2000 mt parcels up to 30/40 kt parcels. The large volume trade is controlled by the major producers, but spot trade is available.

          Reply
  4. kashif says

    September 21, 2020 at 5:21 pm

    for 100 thousand mt at least you require 3 tankers
    where is your cargo , it is available in keamari Karachi or still at sugar mill.
    its a cane molasses or beet molasses

    Reply
  5. Vinesh Chandvania says

    April 19, 2022 at 12:44 pm

    WE HAVE GOOD QUALITY SUGAR CAN MOLASSES FROM INDIA MOSTLY WE SHIP IN CONTAINERS ANY ONE LOOKING FOR CONTACT US ; vinesh@jepson.in /+919867570900

    Reply

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

mariner-gps
Simple Colregs COS Ad

Join Our List

Subscribe to our mailing list and get interesting stuff and updates to your email inbox.

Powered with ♥ by Cult of Sea

instagram-button

What others are reading

Discharge of sewage

Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS)

Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS)

What is Load on Top (LOT)?

Part B - Section 1

Rule 8 – Action to avoid collision

Bill of Lading

Maritime – What is a Bill of Lading (B/L)?

Deck Water Seal – Inert Gas System on Tankers

Lifting Operation

Lifting Operations Onboard Ship

How NAVTEX Works

Pre-Loading Cargo Handling Procedures on Oil Tankers

Gas Tanker Types

Gas Tanker – Types, Tanks, Reliquefaction & Cargo handling opertions

Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGs)

Part F - Verification of Compliance

Rule 40 – Application

Technical Aspects of GMDSS Equipments

Technical Aspects of GMDSS Equipments – Propagation, Modulation, Terrestrial Equipment & Antenna

Double Hull

Types of Double Hull Tankers

Documentary-Credit-System-Shipping-Icons8

Documentary Credit System in Shipping – Basics Explained with Flowchart


About Us | Terms | Contact Us | Sitemap | Marine Glossary (BETA)

Cult of Sea®™ · Made with ❤ by a small band of sailors